Instant access
The first box is your emergency fund, and it’s imperative regardless of your life stage. Having a liquid safety net means that you never have to worry about the unexpected, as you have a buffer to provide you with short term cash when you need it.
Typically, this is simply kept in an instant access saver account. It won’t provide you much in the way of interest, but as long as you’re mindful of the £85,000 Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS) limit, it’s safe and easily accessible.
Lost income replacement
The second box is to provide for the fact that most entrepreneurs will see their regular income reduce once a sale goes through. Often as a founder you will be asked to stay on in the business as a leader or consultant, with a salary that is likely to be less than the income you were drawing from the business pre-sale.
For example, you may be going from annual business drawings totalling £200,000, down to a salary of £80,000. This second box provides for the shortfall over the near term to ensure you can maintain your living standards.
Capital expenditure
Of course, a major win like the sale of a company calls for a celebration. Many of our clients like to reward themselves and their family with a trip or their dream car. You may also need to pay off the big exit tax bill in the next tax year, or to clear a mortgage when a fixed rate deal ends within the next two to three years.
This box is designed to set aside funds for these costs, so that they can all be budgeted and accounted for.
Long-term investments
The final box is your long-term investments, and it’s this area where we often strongly recommend that you don’t rush into making decisions. It’s arguably the most important component when it comes to securing your financial future, and it can be easy to make less than optimal decisions in the heat of the moment.
For example, your attitude to risk directly after a transaction is likely to be different from the level it will be once you have had time for normality to return to your life. The issue for these last three boxes is that cash is almost certain to lose value in real terms in the face of inflation, but the volatility inherent in the stock market could mean your funds have fallen in value right when you need the money.
One solution we often consider is known as a ‘gilt ladder.’